Anoushka Shankar · Breathing Under Water

Burn

2 min readLast updated November 2026
Table of contents

Dynamics

  • Mostly static
  • Crescendo/build: bar 37 (fat lead synth) (transition from Alap to chorus)
  • Natural dynamic layering as instruments/voices enter

Rhythm / Tempo / Meter

  • 4/4
  • 80 bpm (standard pop/EDM)
  • Sitar rhythmically diverse (syncopation, triplets, freer than strings)
  • Vocal syncopated - floating
  • Chorus polyrhythmic (hi-hat plays demi-semiquavers)
  • Scotch snap present

Texture

  • Melody dominated homophony
  • Strings accompany sitar initially, sometimes act as counter-melody
  • New sections introduce layers; synth accompanies voice
  • Pre-recorded backing vocals in 3rds pop/fusion
  • Chorus - almost polyphonic but still melody-dominated
  • Build-ups - EDM influence
  • Ending - very busy texture

Structure

  • Approximates verse-chorus structure with intro:
    • Intro:
      • Bar 1–21 → Alap (long solo introduction)
      • Bar 22–29 → Jhor (rhythm comes in)
    • Verse 1
    • Chorus 1 (“dance with me”)
    • Sarangi solo / bridge
    • Verse 2:
    • Bridge connecting verse & chorus:
    • Instrumental break / link:
    • Verse 3:
    • Link / sitar solo / instrumental break:
    • Chorus 2 / Coda:

Melody

  • Main melodic instruments: sitar and voice
  • Motifs: rising 2nd & falling 3rd, rising 6th (bar 6)
  • Sitar:
    • low register,
    • highly ornamented (slides, trills, acciaccaturas)
  • Vocal : stepwise, conjunct, simple 3-note patterns, repetitive, occasional leaps (rising 5th)
    • Vocal melody more restricted than sitar
    • Long-held notes, repetition → matches static harmony
  • Sarangi: repetitive motif (bar 46) - fuses Indian & Western
  • Strings: Initially used to accompany sitar then acts as counter-melody, perfect 5th motif

Alankara / Ornamentation:

  • Meend: slide / portamento
  • Kan: acciaccatura
  • Andolan: vibrato
  • Gamak: trill (3 notes)
  • Highly expressive on sitar; vocal simpler → contrast
  • Rising 2nd & falling 3rd motif recurs throughout
  • Fusion highlighted in occasional leaps & motifs

Instrumentation

  • Sitar
  • Accompanying strings - (Bollywood arranger, cinematic)
  • Percussion:
    • Bass drum
    • Drums + synth bass - EDM influence
    • Manjira (Indian hand cymbals)
    • Rimshot
  • Synths:
    • Ethereal pad: bar 30
    • Fat lead synth: bar 37
    • Synth brass: bar 94
  • Other instruments:
    • Sarangi: bar 46 (Indian folk)
    • Harp: bar 102
    • Flute: bar 104
    • Solo cello: bar 107
  • Vocals:
    • Noa Lembersky, doubled and harmonized
    • Pre-recorded backing vocals usually in 3rds (fusion / pop element)

Tonality

  • Key signature: 4 sharps → E major, functionally C# minor (modal influence)
  • C# acts as a drone (synth bass ostinato)
  • Mostly diatonic:
    • B# (C natural): classical Western minor feel
    • B natural: Aeolian/modal (Indian influence)
  • Coda: unexpected A minor, ends on D5 (no 3rd → ambiguous/unresolved)

Harmony

  • Chords: major 7ths, minor 7ths, add chords, sus chords, slash chords
  • Special chords:
    • A diminished: bar 57
    • Augmented: bar 90–92
  • Mostly triads; chord extensions + sus/slash add fusion complexity
  • Dissonances unprepared
  • Cadences / progressions:
    • Bar 20–22 → 1c (2nd inversion) – 5 – 1 (cadential 6/4)
    • Bar 22–46 → static harmony (6 notes of C# minor scale)
    • Bar 86 onward → constant A–G (6–5 imperfect cadence) → builds to perfect cadence (5–1)