Anoushka Shankar · Breathing Under Water
Burn
2 min readLast updated November 2026
Dynamics
- Mostly static
- Crescendo/build: bar 37 (fat lead synth) (transition from Alap to chorus)
- Natural dynamic layering as instruments/voices enter
Rhythm / Tempo / Meter
- 4/4
- 80 bpm (standard pop/EDM)
- Sitar rhythmically diverse (syncopation, triplets, freer than strings)
- Vocal syncopated - floating
- Chorus polyrhythmic (hi-hat plays demi-semiquavers)
- Scotch snap present
Texture
- Melody dominated homophony
- Strings accompany sitar initially, sometimes act as counter-melody
- New sections introduce layers; synth accompanies voice
- Pre-recorded backing vocals in 3rds → pop/fusion
- Chorus - almost polyphonic but still melody-dominated
- Build-ups - EDM influence
- Ending - very busy texture
Structure
- Approximates verse-chorus structure with intro:
- Intro:
- Bar 1–21 → Alap (long solo introduction)
- Bar 22–29 → Jhor (rhythm comes in)
- Verse 1
- Chorus 1 (“dance with me”)
- Sarangi solo / bridge
- Verse 2:
- Bridge connecting verse & chorus:
- Instrumental break / link:
- Verse 3:
- Link / sitar solo / instrumental break:
- Chorus 2 / Coda:
- Intro:
Melody
- Main melodic instruments: sitar and voice
- Motifs: rising 2nd & falling 3rd, rising 6th (bar 6)
- Sitar:
- low register,
- highly ornamented (slides, trills, acciaccaturas)
- Vocal : stepwise, conjunct, simple 3-note patterns, repetitive, occasional leaps (rising 5th)
- Vocal melody more restricted than sitar
- Long-held notes, repetition → matches static harmony
- Sarangi: repetitive motif (bar 46) - fuses Indian & Western
- Strings: Initially used to accompany sitar then acts as counter-melody, perfect 5th motif
Alankara / Ornamentation:
- Meend: slide / portamento
- Kan: acciaccatura
- Andolan: vibrato
- Gamak: trill (3 notes)
- Highly expressive on sitar; vocal simpler → contrast
- Rising 2nd & falling 3rd motif recurs throughout
- Fusion highlighted in occasional leaps & motifs
Instrumentation
- Sitar
- Accompanying strings - (Bollywood arranger, cinematic)
- Percussion:
- Bass drum
- Drums + synth bass - EDM influence
- Manjira (Indian hand cymbals)
- Rimshot
- Synths:
- Ethereal pad: bar 30
- Fat lead synth: bar 37
- Synth brass: bar 94
- Other instruments:
- Sarangi: bar 46 (Indian folk)
- Harp: bar 102
- Flute: bar 104
- Solo cello: bar 107
- Vocals:
- Noa Lembersky, doubled and harmonized
- Pre-recorded backing vocals usually in 3rds (fusion / pop element)
Tonality
- Key signature: 4 sharps → E major, functionally C# minor (modal influence)
- C# acts as a drone (synth bass ostinato)
- Mostly diatonic:
- B# (C natural): classical Western minor feel
- B natural: Aeolian/modal (Indian influence)
- Coda: unexpected A minor, ends on D5 (no 3rd → ambiguous/unresolved)
Harmony
- Chords: major 7ths, minor 7ths, add chords, sus chords, slash chords
- Special chords:
- A diminished: bar 57
- Augmented: bar 90–92
- Mostly triads; chord extensions + sus/slash add fusion complexity
- Dissonances unprepared
- Cadences / progressions:
- Bar 20–22 → 1c (2nd inversion) – 5 – 1 (cadential 6/4)
- Bar 22–46 → static harmony (6 notes of C# minor scale)
- Bar 86 onward → constant A–G (6–5 imperfect cadence) → builds to perfect cadence (5–1)